When a client frequently uses the phrases "I won't" or "I can't", they may be in what stage of change?

When a client frequently expresses "I won't" or "I can't," it is indicative of the precontemplation stage of change. This stage is characterized by a lack of awareness or denial about the need for change. Clients in this phase often do not see their behaviors as problematic and may feel resistant to discussing or considering change. Their language reflects a mindset where they are not yet ready to consider the possibility of taking action towards their goals.

In contrast, the contemplation stage involves recognizing the need for change and starting to think about it, but without committing to action. During the preparation stage, clients begin to plan for change and might express intent to change their behavior. In the maintenance stage, clients actively sustain their new behaviors and work to prevent relapse. Thus, the use of phrases like "I won't" or "I can't" aligns closely with the denial and resistance seen in precontemplation.